Friday, February 3, 2023

When Does the Brain Operate at Peak Performance?

Math and Science News from Quanta Magazine
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QUANTIZED COLUMNS | ALL TOPICS

 

When Does the Brain Operate at Peak Performance?

Column by JOHN M. BEGGS; Video by EMILY BUDER

The critical brain hypothesis suggests that neural networks do their best work when connections are not too weak or too strong.

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ASTRONOMY

 

Astronomers Say They Have Spotted the Universe's First Stars

By JONATHAN O'CALLAGHAN

Theory has it that "Population III" stars brought light to the cosmos. The James Webb Space Telescope may have just glimpsed them.

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Related: 
Standard Model of Cosmology Survives
a Telescope's Surprising Finds

By Rebecca Boyle

TOPOLOGY

 

Mathematicians Eliminate Long-Standing Threat to Knot Conjecture

By LEILA SLOMAN

A new proof shows that a knot some thought would contradict the famed slice-ribbon conjecture doesn't.

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Related: 
Why Mathematicians
Study Knots

By David S. Richeson (2022)

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

 

Machines Learn Better if We Teach Them the Basics

By MAX G. LEVY

A wave of research improves reinforcement learning algorithms by pre-training them as if they were human.

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Related: 
Playing Hide-and-Seek, Machines
Invent New Tools

By Stephen Ornes (2019)

QUANTA SCIENCE PODCAST

 

High-Temperature Superconductivity Understood at Last

Podcast hosted by SUSAN VALOT;
Story by CHARLIE WOOD

A new atomic-scale experiment all but settles the origin of the strong form of superconductivity seen in cuprate crystals, confirming a 35-year-old theory.

Listen to the podcast

Read the story


 

Around the Web

Strong and Elusive
A new theoretical model explains the strange observations made in a 2017 particle physics experiment, reports Allison Parshall for Scientific American. The phenomenon can be explained by accounting for small-distance fluctuations in the strong force. Interactions involving the strong force are notoriously difficult to calculate. In 2022, Charlie Wood wrote for Quanta about recent progress in calculating and experimentally probing "nature's most inscrutable force."


Trying to Even the Odds
In 2006, the statistician Richard Gill discovered that flawed statistical methods had resulted in the wrongful conviction of a nurse. After a retrial, the nurse was released. To help prevent such miscarriages of justice in the future, Gill has now written guidelines on how to use statistics in court, writes Cathleen O'Grady for Science. Like Gill, the computer scientist Rediet Abebe pays attention to how mathematics can be a tool of injustice. In 2021, she spoke about how she uses algorithms to fight social inequity to Rachel Crowell for Quanta. You can also hear Rediet Abebe in conversation with Steven Strogatz on an episode of "The Joy of x" podcast from 2021.
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Scientist Pankaj

The Grand Unified Theory of Mathematics

Math staff writer Joseph Howlett traverses the vast network of mathematical bridges that is the Langlands program. ...