Friday, May 27, 2022

Physicists Trace the Rise in Entropy to Quantum Information

Math and Science News from Quanta Magazine
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THEORETICAL PHYSICS | ALL TOPICS

 

Physicists Rewrite the Fundamental Law That Leads to Disorder

By PHILIP BALL

The second law of thermodynamics is among the most sacred in all of science, but it has always rested on 19th century arguments about probability. New arguments trace its true source to the flows of quantum information.

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QUANTIZED ACADEMY

 

Why Claude Shannon Would Have Been Great at Wordle

By PATRICK HONNER

A bit of information theory can help you analyze — and improve — your Wordle game.

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Related: 
How Claude Shannon
Invented the Future

by David Tse (2020)

COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY

 

How Computer Scientists Learned to Reinvent the Proof

By MORDECHAI RORVIG

Why verify every line of a proof, when just a few checks will do?

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Related: 
Researchers Defeat Randomness
to Create Ideal Code

by Mordechai Rorvig (2021)

ORIGINS OF LIFE

 

Life's First Peptides May Have Grown on RNA Strands

By YASEMIN SAPLAKOGLU

For the past few decades, researchers have favored an "RNA world" theory of life's origins, but a recent study breathes fire into the possibility of a more expansive "RNA-peptide world."

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Related: 
Origin-of-Life Study Points
to Chemical Chimeras, Not RNA

by Jordana Cepelewicz (2019)

QUANTA SCIENCE PODCAST

 

Crisis in Particle Physics Forces a Rethink of What Is Natural

Podcast hosted by SUSAN VALOT;
Story by NATALIE WOLCHOVER

For three decades, researchers hunted in vain for new elementary particles that would have explained why nature looks the way it does. As physicists confront that failure, they're reexamining a longstanding assumption: that big stuff consists of smaller stuff.

Listen to the podcast

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INSIGHTS PUZZLE

 

The Secret Math Behind Mind-Reading Magic Tricks

By PRADEEP MUTALIK

Four puzzle solutions reveal different ways to divine someone's hidden number with impossibly little information.

Read the puzzle solution


Related: 
Think of a Number. How Do
Math Magicians Know What It Is?

by Pradeep Mutalik

QUANTA YOUTUBE CHANNEL

 

The Big Reveal of the Milky Way's Supermassive Black Hole

Video by EMILY BUDER

More than three years after the release of the first image of a black hole, scientists from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) shared an image of the supermassive specimen at the center of our own Milky Way galaxy. In this video, EHT's scientists explain the science behind the big discovery. 

Watch the video

Around the Web

Good Habits
There is more to determining whether a planet is habitable than its proximity to its sun. For PBS Space Time Matt O'Dowd and Moiya McTier describe the "galactic habitable zone": a range of distances from the galactic center with the right stellar densities and metallicities for life to thrive. Galactic-scale features also play a role in the propagation of life. In 2019 Rebecca Boyle wrote for Quanta about a simulation that showed that galaxy dynamics would aid potential alien civilizations in intragalactic travel.

Constant Evaluation
100 years ago, Alexander Friedmann changed cosmology when he considered how the evolution of the universe would have changed if Einstein's "cosmological constant" had different values, writes Tom Siegfried for Science News. Today we're reasonably certain the cosmological constant is positive, but we don't know its exact value. In a 2021 Quanta article, Charlie Wood wrote about how related issues might be solved if we give up the sacred cosmological principle: that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic.
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