Friday, February 28, 2025

Space & Physics: In the quantum realm, time might flow in two directions

February 20 — This week, a mind-bending look at quantum time, an "all clear" announcement for a potentially Earth-threatening asteroid, a new twist on Einstein's general theory of relativity, and the launch of yet another private U.S. lunar landing mission. Enjoy!

Lee Billings, Senior Editor, Space and Physics


Scientists studying a centuries-old mystery of physics suggest two "arrows of time" control the evolution of quantum systems

Debates about the nature of time are, well, timeless. What is time? Where does it come from? And why does it only seem to move in one direction, like an arrow shot from a bow?

Depending on who you ask, this "arrow of time" can be considered as something fundamentally hard-coded into the fabric of reality, or a mere product of our limited perceptions, or an emergent property of thermodynamics—to name just a few ideas. To add to the confusion, there's the vexing fact that the equations we use to explain the universe work perfectly well if time's arrow flies in reverse.

Imagine a world in which time really could flow backwards. Among other things, there'd be some use in crying over spilled milk, since maybe the dairy drips could end up back in their cup. And, if nothing else, people might have fewer regrets about past mistakes, because they could just rewind the clock to make better choices. So the idea certainly has appeal, save for the fact that, based on our everyday experience, time's reversal should be utterly impossible.

Some researchers have postulated, however, that such "time-reversal symmetry" might break down at subatomic scales, and that our intuition toward time's one-way flow may arise from some quirk of the quantum realm. But, as our top story by news intern Gayoung Lee details, a new study of this gnarly problem suggests that, nope, time-reversal symmetry holds there, too. And so the mystery of time's arrow persists, and our timeless questions remain.

I'm, ahem, short on time, so will leave further explanation to the story itself, which I hope you'll read and enjoy. Until next time! —Lee Billings

Top Stories
Private 'Athena' Moon Lander and NASA 'Trailblazer' Launch to Hunt for Lunar Water

Intuitive Machines' Athena lander is planned to touch down near the moon's south pole on or around March 6

Einstein's General Relativity with a Twist: Teleparallelism

A nearly century-old offshoot of Einstein's general theory of relativity may hold promise for solving the mysteries of dark matter, dark energy and more

The International Space Station May Need More Microbes to Keep Astronauts Healthy

The overly sterile environment of the International Space Station is missing important microbes, a new detailed map shows. If we want to live off Earth, we may need to take more of our bacterial friends with us

Saying Farewell to the Gaia Mission, Which Mapped the Milky Way

We look back on about 11 years of the Gaia spacecraft, now at the end of its mission to create the best map of the Milky Way.

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Private Space Stations of the Future Promise Luxury. But Can They Deliver?

Several companies have contracts with NASA to design private space habitats to replace the International Space Station once it's gone

Measles Outbreaks, Asteroid Risks and Fish Friends

In this week's news roundup, we cover activity from the black hole at our galaxy's center and a troubling measles outbreak in Texas.

What's on the Milky Way's Far Side?

With radio and infrared telescopes, astronomers can pierce the dusty veil of our galaxy and map its farthest reaches

National Science Foundation Mass Firings Go Beyond Trump's Orders, Sparking Outrage

At an emotional meeting, NSF officials announced layoffs for about 10 percent of their workforce and warned of more firings to come

From the Archive
Can Space and Time Exist as Two Shapes at Once? Mind-Bending Experiments Aim to Find Out

Proposed experiments will search for signs that spacetime is quantum and can exist in a superposition of multiple shapes at once

Scientist Pankaj

NASA supercomputer finds giant spiral structure in Oort Cloud

Private moon lander launches with NASA Lunar Trailblazer | NASA supercomputer finds giant spiral in Oort Cloud | Katy Perr...