Friday, October 27, 2023

A New Generation of Mathematicians Advances Number Theory

Math and Science News from Quanta Magazine
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NUMBER THEORY | ALL TOPICS

 

A New Generation of Mathematicians Pushes Prime Number Barriers

By ERICA KLARREICH

New work by Julia Stadlmann, Jared Duker Lichtman and Alexandru Pascadi attacks a long-standing barrier to understanding how prime numbers are distributed.

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BIOPHYSICS

 

Biophysicists Find Fluid Dynamics in Live Tissue

By ELISE CUTTS

After identifying interlocking symmetries in mammalian cells, scientists can describe some tissues as liquid crystals — an observation that lays the groundwork for a fluid-dynamic theory of how tissues move.

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Related: 
The Simple Geometry
That Predicts Molecular Mosaics

By Elise Cutts

Q&A

 

The Computing Pioneer Helping AI See

By SUSAN D'AGOSTINO

The computer scientist Alexei Efros has spent his career learning how self-driving cars, robots and other AI systems see differently from humans. Now he's helping to bridge the gap.

Read the article | Watch the video


Related: 
A Mathematical Model
Unlocks the Secrets of Vision

By Kevin Hartnett (2019)

EVOLUTION

 

Fossilized Molecules Reveal a Lost World of Ancient Life

By YASEMIN SAPLAKOGLU

A new analysis of billion-year-old sediments fills a gap in the fossil record, uncovering a dynasty of early eukaryotes that may have gone on to shape the history of life on Earth.

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Related: 
Primitive Asgard Cells Show
Life on the Brink of Complexity

By Joshua Sokol

QUANTA SCIENCE PODCAST

 

How the Brain Protects Itself From Blood-Borne Threats

By YASEMIN SAPLAKOGLU;
Podcast hosted by SUSAN VALOT

To buffer the brain against menaces in the blood, a dynamic, multi-tiered system of protection is built into the brain's blood vessels.


Listen to the podcast

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Around the Web

Fighting Deepfakes
MIT researchers have developed a way to protect photos from deep-fake manipulation by disrupting the AI model's ability to interpret and generate images, reports Melissa Heikkilä for MIT Technology Review. Despite their impressive image-recognition capabilities, deep-learning models are surprisingly easy to spoof. In 2018, Kevin Hartnett wrote for Quanta about how "adversarial attacks" expose the vulnerabilities of these systems.

A Jolting Discovery
Some "superbolts" are 1,000 times stronger than typical lightning. Researchers now think they know why, reports Lori Youmshajekian for Scientific American. When a cloud is closer to the ground, its electric field gets stronger and can discharge with more power. Scientists knew that lightning was the result of positive and negative charges separating in a cloud, producing a strong electric field. But until recently, no one had ever measured a field strong enough to trigger lightning. In a 2021 blog for Quanta, Thomas Lewton wrote about new radio telescope observations that solved the mystery.
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